Piping in a particular plant can be compared with arteries & veins in our body. There are mainly two types of pipes from manufacturing point of view. The first is Seamless pipes & second is Welded pipes.
Various attributes of pipe are described below.
A) Pipe End Preparation:
There are three types of end preparation of pipes.
(a) Plain End (PE)
(b) Butt weld or Beveled End (BW/BE)
(c) Threaded End
B) Design & Dimension Standard for pipe manufacturing:
- This will provide the following information.
- Nominal Bore (NB),
- Thickness,
- Outside Diameter (OD),
- Tolerance & Weight.
The Dimension Standard for pipe is as follows.
- ANSI/ASME B 36.10 For Carbon Steel (CS), Low Temperature Carbon Steel (LTCS), Low Alloy Steel (LAS) Pipes
- ANSI/ASME B 36.19 For Stainless Steel (SS) Pipes
C) Piping Material
I. Carbon Steel: It is used for temperature range from (–) 290C to 4270C. Most commonly used CS materials are as follows:
· ASTM A 106 Gr. B (Seamless pipes)
· API 5L Gr. B (Seamless & Welded)
· ASTM A 53 Gr. B (Seamless & Welded)
· IS 1239 (Upto 6” & ERW)
· IS 3589 (Above 6”)
(Grade A, B, C Refers the tensile strength of the carbon steel, the grade “C” having high
strength. Commonly we are going with grade “B”.)
II. LTCS: It is used for low temperature i.e. from (–) 460C to 3430C. The most commonly used LTCS materials are as follows:
· ASTM A 333 Gr.6 (Seamless pipes)
· ASME A 671 (Welded pipes)
III. LAS: It is used for high temperature.
The most commonly used LAS materials are as follows:
- ASTM A 335 Gr. P11, P12, P9 (Seamless pipes)
- ASTM A 691 Gr.C60, C65, C70 (Welded pipes)
IV. Stainless Steel (SS): It is used for cryogenic temperature range i.e. from (-) 1960C to 5380C. Most commonly used SS materials are as follows:
· ASTM A 312 TP 304 / ASTM A 312 TP 304L (P/U-Corrosive service, DM Water, Reject Water, Rich Amine, Vacuum Service, wash Oil)
· ASTM A 312 TP 316 / ASTM A 312 TP 316L (Recycle oil, Heated Atm residue)
· ASTM A 312 TP 321